What Hidden Side of Xinjiang Did 300 Million Tourists Miss?

Xinjiang has transformed from a region shrouded in danger and controversy into a burgeoning tourist hotspot, attracting both domestic and international visitors. As individuals like Anna and Sun Shengyao explore its stunning landscapes, they encounter a complex narrative shaped by China's political climate and ongoing human rights issues. The allure of Xinjiang lies not only in its natural beauty but also in the stark contrast between its promotional image and the troubling realities that persist beneath the surface.

Last updated: 26 October 2023 (BST)

What’s happening now

Xinjiang is experiencing a surge in tourism, with a reported 300 million visitors in 2024 alone, more than double the figures from 2018. This increase is largely driven by significant investments from the Chinese government aimed at developing infrastructure and promoting the region as a desirable travel destination. However, this transformation comes amidst serious allegations of human rights abuses, particularly concerning the Uyghur Muslim population, as Beijing continues to exert tight control over the region. The juxtaposition of these realities creates a complex landscape for tourists, who may find themselves navigating between the picturesque views and the shadows of ongoing oppression.

Key takeaways

• Xinjiang's tourism has doubled since 2018, with a target of 400 million annual visitors by 2030.
• The region is heavily surveilled, with police checkpoints and a significant Han Chinese presence.
• Tourists report mixed experiences, with some finding beauty and culture while others feel restricted.

Timeline: how we got here

The transformation of Xinjiang into a tourist destination has been influenced by a series of significant events over the years:

• 2015: Anna visits Xinjiang for the first time amidst concerns over safety.
• 2018: Domestic tourism begins to surge, with over 140 million visitors recorded.
• 2021: Allegations of human rights abuses and reports of detention camps come to light.
• 2024: Xinjiang sees 300 million visitors and aims for 400 million by 2030.

What’s new vs what’s known

New today/this week

Recent reports indicate a dramatic increase in both domestic and international tourism in Xinjiang, with the region being marketed heavily through state-funded media and tourism campaigns. Notably, the government has been investing in infrastructure and promoting local culture to reshape the narrative surrounding the area.

What was already established

Xinjiang has long been associated with tension and violence, particularly involving the Uyghur population. The Chinese government has faced international scrutiny for its policies in the region, including the detention of Uyghurs under the guise of re-education. Despite the picturesque landscapes and cultural richness, these underlying issues persist, creating a dichotomy for visitors.

Impact for the UK

Consumers and households

For UK travellers considering a visit to Xinjiang, the allure of its natural beauty and cultural experiences comes with potential risks. The region's political climate and ongoing human rights concerns may deter some tourists, while others may feel compelled to witness the situation firsthand. Additionally, travel advisories may impact how UK citizens perceive safety in the region.

Businesses and jobs

With the influx of tourism, businesses in Xinjiang are likely to benefit significantly. International hotel chains, such as Hilton and Marriott, are opening locations, which could create job opportunities for local residents. However, the reliance on tourism also raises questions about the sustainability of this economic model, especially in light of the region's political dynamics.

Policy and regulation

The Chinese government continues to promote tourism in Xinjiang as part of a broader strategy to bolster the local economy and reshape its global image. Upcoming policies may focus on enhancing infrastructure and marketing the region more aggressively, while simultaneously managing the narrative surrounding human rights issues.

Numbers that matter

• 300 million visitors are expected in Xinjiang in 2024, a significant increase from previous years.
• Tourism revenue in the region grew by 40% from 2018, reaching approximately 360 billion yuan (£39 billion).
• Over 200 international hotels are either operational or in development in Xinjiang.

Definitions and jargon buster

• Uyghurs: A Turkic ethnic group primarily residing in Xinjiang, often facing cultural and political repression.
• Sinicisation: A policy aimed at transforming non-Han cultures to align with Han Chinese societal norms.
• Re-education camps: Facilities reportedly used by the Chinese government to detain and indoctrinate Uyghurs and other Muslim minorities.

How to think about the next steps

Near term (0–4 weeks)

For those considering a trip to Xinjiang, it is essential to stay informed about travel advisories and safety protocols. Understanding the local customs and the political climate will be crucial for a meaningful experience.

Medium term (1–6 months)

As tourism continues to grow, potential visitors should be aware of the evolving situation in Xinjiang, including any changes in government policies or international reactions to the region's human rights record.

Signals to watch

• Changes in travel advisories from the UK government.
• Reports from human rights organisations regarding the treatment of Uyghurs.
• Trends in tourism statistics and infrastructure development in Xinjiang.

Practical guidance

Do

• Research thoroughly about Xinjiang's culture and history before visiting.
• Engage with local communities respectfully and thoughtfully.

Don’t

• Avoid discussing sensitive political issues while in Xinjiang.
• Do not ignore local laws and regulations, especially concerning photography and public behaviour.

Checklist

• Check the latest travel advisories for safety updates.
• Learn basic Uyghur phrases to enhance communication with locals.
• Prepare for a range of experiences, from cultural tours to natural excursions.

Risks, caveats, and uncertainties

While tourism in Xinjiang is on the rise, significant risks remain for visitors. The ongoing human rights abuses and heavy surveillance can create a sense of unease. Moreover, the Chinese government's control over information and narratives surrounding Xinjiang means that tourists may only encounter a curated version of the region. Understanding these complexities is vital for any prospective traveller.

Bottom line

As Xinjiang evolves from a region plagued by conflict to a burgeoning tourist destination, visitors must navigate a delicate balance between experiencing its beauty and acknowledging the serious human rights issues at play. Awareness and sensitivity will be crucial for anyone looking to explore this multifaceted region.

FAQs

Is Xinjiang safe for tourists?

While many tourists visit Xinjiang without incident, safety concerns persist due to heavy surveillance and ongoing human rights issues. It is advisable for travelers to stay informed about local conditions and government advisories.

What should I know about Uyghur culture before visiting Xinjiang?

Understanding Uyghur culture, including customs and traditions, can enhance your experience. However, be aware that access to certain cultural sites may be restricted, and interactions with locals may be limited.

How has tourism changed in Xinjiang recently?

Tourism in Xinjiang has surged in recent years, with authorities promoting the region as a travel destination. However, this growth occurs alongside serious allegations of human rights abuses, creating a complex environment for visitors.