Is Homelessness Even Worse Than We Think? New Research Reveals Alarming Truths

The number of homeless people in England is significantly higher than official government data suggests, according to new research from the charity Crisis. The study indicates that around 189,000 families and individuals facing severe forms of homelessness, such as rough sleeping and sofa surfing, are not reflected in government statistics. This discrepancy highlights the need for improved methods of assessing homelessness in the UK, particularly as Crisis reports that the number of those experiencing the worst forms of homelessness has grown by 20% since 2022, now totalling approximately 300,000.

Last updated: 05 October 2023 (BST)

What’s happening now

The research from Crisis, conducted by Herriot-Watt University, reveals alarming insights into the state of homelessness in England. It suggests that the official figures fail to account for many individuals living in precarious conditions. According to Crisis, there is a significant rise in the number of people living in unsuitable temporary accommodation, which has increased from 19,200 households in 2020 to 46,700 in 2024. With an additional 18,600 families reported to be residing in "unconventional accommodation" such as cars and tents, the urgency of addressing homelessness is clearer than ever.

Key takeaways

• Approximately 189,000 individuals are not included in official homelessness statistics.
• The total number of people facing severe homelessness has surged to around 300,000.
• Unsuitable temporary accommodation has more than doubled in just four years.
• 70% of local councils report an increase in homelessness assistance requests.
• The government plans to invest over £1 billion in homelessness services for 2025/26.

Timeline: how we got here

Understanding the context of the current homelessness crisis in England involves looking at key developments over recent years:

• 2009: Isra and her family arrive in the UK after fleeing Iraq, highlighting early struggles with temporary accommodation.
• 2020: The number of households in unsuitable temporary accommodation is recorded at 19,200.
• 2022: Reports indicate a 20% increase in severe homelessness since the previous year.
• 2023: Crisis research reveals 300,000 people facing severe homelessness; government pledges £1 billion for homelessness services in 2025/26.
• October 2023: Government data shows nearly 330,000 households at risk of homelessness.

What’s new vs what’s known

New today/this week

The recent findings from Crisis indicate that many individuals in precarious housing situations, such as sofa surfers, are not counted in official statistics. The report emphasises the inadequacy of current methodologies used by local authorities to assess homelessness.

What was already established

Previous reports have consistently shown rising trends in homelessness, with rising numbers of families placed in temporary accommodation. The government had previously announced funding aimed at tackling homelessness but has faced criticism over the effectiveness and implementation of these measures.

Impact for the UK

Consumers and households

The increase in homelessness has profound implications for consumers and households across the UK. Families facing homelessness often experience financial strain, with many unable to afford suitable housing. The conditions of temporary accommodation can be detrimental to both physical and mental health, leading to long-term impacts on children's education and well-being.

Businesses and jobs

The rise in homelessness can strain local economies. Businesses may face decreased consumer spending as families prioritise basic needs over discretionary spending. Furthermore, an unstable workforce can hinder local businesses, as employees dealing with housing insecurity may struggle to maintain consistent employment.

Policy and regulation

The UK government is facing mounting pressure to address homelessness through effective policy and regulation. The announcement of a new homelessness strategy, along with the abolishment of Section 21 'no fault' evictions, aims to tackle some root causes of homelessness. However, the timeline for implementing these strategies remains uncertain, and many stakeholders are keenly awaiting developments.

Numbers that matter

• 300,000: Estimated number of individuals facing severe homelessness in England.
• 70%: Percentage of local councils reporting increased requests for homelessness assistance.
• £1 billion: Government investment pledged for homelessness services in 2025/26.
• 46,700: Households in unsuitable temporary accommodation as of 2024.
• 189,000: Individuals reportedly excluded from official homelessness statistics.

Definitions and jargon buster

• Homelessness: The state of having no permanent residence, which may include living in temporary accommodation, rough sleeping, or sofa surfing.
• Temporary accommodation: Housing provided for individuals or families while they search for permanent homes, which may include hostels or B&Bs.
• Sofa surfing: Staying temporarily with friends or family instead of having a stable home.
• Section 21 eviction: A notice served by landlords to evict tenants without needing to provide a reason, often referred to as 'no fault' eviction.

How to think about the next steps

Near term (0–4 weeks)

In the immediate future, keep an eye on local council initiatives aimed at addressing homelessness. The announcement of new funding measures and support services may emerge as councils respond to increased demand.

Medium term (1–6 months)

Expect the government to outline details of its forthcoming homelessness strategy, which may introduce new programmes for supporting vulnerable families. Additionally, watch for proposed reforms regarding eviction policies.

Signals to watch

• Updates on the implementation of the new homelessness strategy.
• Changes in funding allocations for homelessness services by local authorities.
• Statistics on homelessness and temporary accommodation from government releases.

Practical guidance

Do

• Seek assistance from local councils if facing housing insecurity.
• Stay informed about local initiatives aimed at preventing homelessness.
• Engage with local charities and organisations providing support for homeless individuals.

Don’t

• Do not ignore signs of housing insecurity; early intervention can be vital.
• Avoid assuming homelessness only affects rough sleepers; many face hidden forms of homelessness.
• Do not hesitate to report unsafe living conditions to authorities.

Checklist

• Assess your housing situation and identify any risks.
• Research local homelessness resources and support services.
• Gather necessary documents (e.g., ID, housing history) for assistance applications.
• Consider reaching out to community groups for support and guidance.
• Stay updated on changes in local housing policies and available support.

Risks, caveats, and uncertainties

The findings reported by Crisis highlight significant concerns about the accuracy of homelessness statistics in the UK. However, it is crucial to recognise the limitations of the data. Many individuals living in precarious housing situations may not seek assistance due to fear of stigma or lack of awareness regarding available support. Additionally, the actual number of homeless individuals may fluctuate based on economic conditions and policy changes, making it essential to remain vigilant about monitoring these trends.

Bottom line

The current situation regarding homelessness in England reveals a pressing need for improved data collection and effective intervention strategies. With the government committing significant resources to tackle homelessness, stakeholders must advocate for meaningful changes that address both the symptoms and root causes of this crisis. As the situation evolves, it is vital for UK residents to stay informed and engaged in local efforts to combat homelessness.

FAQs

What is the current number of homeless individuals in England?

According to Crisis, approximately 300,000 individuals are facing severe homelessness in England, which is significantly higher than official statistics suggest.

What types of accommodation are considered unsuitable?

Unsuitable temporary accommodation can include unsafe bed-and-breakfasts, properties located far from support networks, and overcrowded facilities lacking basic amenities.

How can individuals get help if they are facing homelessness?

Individuals facing homelessness should contact their local council for assistance and explore resources available through charities and community organisations focused on housing support.