Will Spain Launch a Network of Climate Shelters?

Spain is establishing a national network of climate shelters in public buildings to help individuals cope with extreme heat before the summer of 2026. This initiative, announced by Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez during a conference in Madrid, aims to address the growing impact of climate change, particularly the increasing frequency and severity of heatwaves.

Last updated: 22 October 2023 (BST)

What’s happening now

In light of escalating climate conditions, Spain is launching a proactive measure to protect its citizens from the relentless heat. The national network of climate shelters will be set up in public buildings, ensuring that cool spaces are accessible to everyone, particularly vulnerable populations like the elderly, children, and those with health issues. This decision comes after Spain recorded its hottest summer in 2025, characterised by prolonged heatwaves and alarming health impacts.

Key takeaways

Spain's Prime Minister announced a national network of climate shelters to combat extreme heat.
Existing regional shelters in areas like Catalonia and the Basque Country will be supplemented by government-funded initiatives.
Over 3,800 heat-related deaths were reported in Spain this summer, highlighting the urgent need for shelter.

Timeline: how we got here

The issue of climate-induced heat in Spain has developed over several years:

2023, July-August: A 16-day heatwave saw temperatures exceed 45°C (113°F), contributing to over 3,800 heat-related deaths.
2025: Spain experienced its hottest summer and multiple heatwaves, pushing the government to address climate change impacts more seriously.
October 2023: Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez announces the establishment of a national network of climate shelters.

What’s new vs what’s known

New today/this week

The announcement of a national network of climate shelters is a significant development, with the government committing to provide cool spaces in areas that are most affected by heat. This initiative is designed to be inclusive, offering refuge to all citizens, particularly those who are most vulnerable.

What was already established

Prior to this announcement, several regions in Spain, including Catalonia and the Basque Country, had already created networks of climate shelters. In Barcelona alone, around 400 shelters exist, providing air-conditioned spaces in public buildings for those at risk during extreme heat events.

Impact for the UK

Consumers and households

While the immediate measures are focused on Spain, the implications of such initiatives could resonate across Europe, including the UK. As climate change continues to escalate, UK households may also face increased heatwaves, prompting similar considerations for community shelters and cooling centres.

Businesses and jobs

Increased demand for cooling solutions could affect businesses, particularly in the hospitality and retail sectors. Companies may need to reconsider their climate strategies, including investments in air conditioning and cooling systems to maintain employee and customer comfort.

Policy and regulation

Spain's proactive stance may prompt the UK government to evaluate its own climate policies, particularly in the face of increasing heatwaves. Monitoring and adapting regulations to improve public health and safety during extreme weather events will be essential.

Numbers that matter

3,800: Estimated number of heat-related deaths in Spain during the summer of 2025, up by 88% from 2024.
45°C (113°F): The temperature recorded during a 16-day heatwave in August 2025.
400,000 hectares: Area burned during the devastating wildfire season in Spain in 2025.
€20m (£18m): Funding allocated for flood prevention plans in small towns as part of the climate action strategy.

Definitions and jargon buster

Climate shelters: Designated public spaces equipped with cooling systems to provide refuge from extreme heat.
Heatwave: A prolonged period of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity.
AEMET: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología, the State Meteorological Agency of Spain.

How to think about the next steps

Near term (0–4 weeks)

In the immediate future, communities should prepare for the rollout of these shelters. Local governments will likely announce specific locations and operational details for the climate shelters as the summer approaches.

Medium term (1–6 months)

As the national network of shelters is established, ongoing assessments of their usage and effectiveness will be crucial. This initiative may expand into further climate resilience strategies, including public health campaigns to educate citizens about heat safety.

Signals to watch

Monitor announcements from the Spanish government regarding the shelter locations and operational timelines.
Observe public health statistics related to heat-related illnesses as the shelters become active.
Watch for legislative discussions on climate action in Spain's Congress of Deputies.

Practical guidance

Do

Stay informed about local climate shelters and their operating hours.
Encourage community engagement in climate resilience initiatives.
Utilise available resources to prepare for heatwaves, including hydration and cooling strategies.

Don’t

Do not underestimate the risks associated with extreme heat, especially for vulnerable populations.
Avoid relying solely on personal cooling systems; community solutions are vital.
Don’t ignore public health guidance on heat safety during high-temperature periods.

Checklist

Identify nearest climate shelters in your area.
Ensure access to sufficient water and cooling methods at home.
Check in on vulnerable neighbours during heatwaves.
Stay updated on local weather forecasts and health advisories.

Risks, caveats, and uncertainties

While the establishment of climate shelters is a proactive step, uncertainties remain regarding their effectiveness and accessibility. Potential issues include the adequacy of funding, public awareness, and the rapidity of implementation before the next heatwave season. Moreover, the long-term sustainability of such initiatives will depend on continued political and public support.

Bottom line

The creation of a national network of climate shelters in Spain represents a significant response to the growing threat of extreme heat due to climate change. As Spain prepares for the summer of 2026, the focus on protecting vulnerable populations could set a precedent for similar actions in the UK and across Europe, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive climate strategies.

FAQs

What are climate shelters?

Climate shelters are designated public spaces that provide cool environments to help people escape extreme heat, particularly during heatwaves.

Why is the establishment of climate shelters important?

With increasing heatwaves and health risks associated with extreme temperatures, climate shelters offer critical refuge for vulnerable populations and help reduce heat-related illnesses and deaths.

How can I find a climate shelter in my area?

Local government announcements will provide information on the locations and operating hours of climate shelters as they are established. Stay informed through community resources and local news.