Why Are Executions in Saudi Arabia Hitting Record Numbers?

Saudi Arabia has reached alarming new heights in its use of capital punishment, recording at least 347 executions in 2025, surpassing the previous year's total of 345. This trend marks the bloodiest year of executions in the kingdom since monitoring began, as reported by the UK-based campaign group Reprieve. The majority of those executed were convicted of drug-related offences, raising serious concerns regarding human rights practices in the country.

Last updated: 24 October 2025 (BST)

What’s happening now

The significant increase in executions in Saudi Arabia has drawn international condemnation and raised urgent questions about the kingdom's human rights record. The latest reports indicate that two Pakistani nationals were among the most recent executions, convicted of drug-related crimes. In total, Reprieve notes that approximately two-thirds of those executed this year have been convicted for non-lethal drug offences, which contradict international human rights standards. The Saudi government has not provided any comment on this disturbing trend.

Key takeaways

Saudi Arabia executed at least 347 people in 2025, the highest number on record.
Approximately two-thirds of those executed were convicted of drug-related offences.
The executions include individuals arrested as minors and a journalist.

Timeline: how we got here

Understanding the context of the current situation involves looking back at key events:

2017: Mohammed bin Salman becomes Crown Prince, initiating significant social reforms.
2022: Saudi Arabia ends an unofficial moratorium on executions, leading to an increase in capital punishment cases.
2025: Saudi Arabia surpasses its record for executions, reaching at least 347 by October.

What’s new vs what’s known

New today/this week

The recent executions have sparked outrage, particularly the deaths of individuals convicted for non-violent crimes, including drug-related offences. The execution of individuals like journalist Turki al-Jasser highlights a worrying trend where even those voicing dissent face dire consequences.

What was already established

Historically, Saudi Arabia has a high rate of executions compared to other countries, with only China and Iran executing more people in recent years. Human rights organisations have long decried the use of capital punishment in the kingdom, particularly for non-violent crimes.

Impact for the UK

Consumers and households

The implications of Saudi Arabia's execution practices extend beyond its borders. UK consumers may face ethical dilemmas regarding trade and investment in the kingdom, particularly as the country's human rights record comes under scrutiny.

Businesses and jobs

As businesses consider partnerships with Saudi Arabia, the country’s human rights violations could impact corporate reputations. Companies may need to evaluate their operations in the region, especially if public sentiment turns against engagement with the kingdom.

Policy and regulation

UK policymakers are likely to face pressure to address Saudi Arabia's human rights record in international forums, potentially affecting diplomatic relations and trade agreements. Calls for sanctions or other forms of pressure may increase as the situation evolves.

Numbers that matter

347: Total executions in Saudi Arabia in 2025, the highest recorded.
345: Total executions in 2024, the previous record.
Two-thirds: Proportion of executions linked to non-lethal drug offences.
96: Executions specifically related to hashish, according to Reprieve.
Five: Number of women executed in 2025.

Definitions and jargon buster

Reprieve: A UK-based charity that focuses on human rights and provides legal assistance to those facing the death penalty.
Capital punishment: The legally sanctioned killing of someone as punishment for a crime.
Moratorium: A temporary prohibition of an activity, in this case, executions.

How to think about the next steps

Near term (0–4 weeks)

In the immediate future, international human rights organisations are expected to increase their advocacy efforts, pressing for a moratorium on executions in Saudi Arabia and raising awareness of the situation.

Medium term (1–6 months)

As more information emerges, the UK government and other international bodies may need to reassess their diplomatic strategies concerning Saudi Arabia, potentially leading to sanctions or other forms of pressure.

Signals to watch

Statements from international human rights organisations regarding Saudi Arabia's execution practices.
Changes in UK government policy towards Saudi Arabia and its human rights record.
Public reactions and protests related to Saudi Arabia's human rights abuses.

Practical guidance

Do

Stay informed about developments in Saudi Arabia's human rights situation.
Support organisations advocating for human rights and legal reforms in the kingdom.
Engage in discussions about ethical consumption and investment related to Saudi Arabia.

Don’t

Ignore the human rights implications of engaging with Saudi Arabia.
Assume that the situation will remain static; stay alert to changes.
Dismiss the calls for accountability regarding human rights violations in the kingdom.

Checklist

Review your understanding of the current human rights situation in Saudi Arabia.
Identify credible sources for information regarding executions and human rights abuses.
Consider the ethical implications of any business or personal relationships with Saudi entities.

Risks, caveats, and uncertainties

There are significant uncertainties surrounding the data on executions in Saudi Arabia, particularly due to the government's lack of transparency. Reports from human rights organisations may not capture the complete picture, as the Saudi authorities often fail to disclose the details of executions, including methods used. Moreover, the situation can evolve rapidly, and potential policy changes within the UK or international community could alter the landscape significantly.

Bottom line

The alarming rise in executions in Saudi Arabia highlights ongoing human rights violations that demand international attention. As the UK and other countries grapple with their diplomatic relationships with the kingdom, it is crucial to maintain a focus on human rights issues and advocate for necessary reforms.

FAQs

What led to the increase in executions in Saudi Arabia?

The increase in executions in Saudi Arabia is largely attributed to the end of an unofficial moratorium on capital punishment in late 2022, combined with a crackdown on drug-related offences and dissent.

How does this impact international relations with the UK?

The rise in executions may strain diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and the UK, as growing human rights concerns could lead to calls for sanctions or other actions by the UK government.

What can be done to support human rights in Saudi Arabia?

Individuals can support human rights in Saudi Arabia by staying informed, advocating for change through organisations, and engaging in ethical discussions about trade and investment with the kingdom.