How Does Growing Up in War Impact an 11-Year-Old?

Conflict has devastating effects on children, as illustrated by the harrowing experiences of those like Abdelrahman, who lost his father to an air strike and suffered severe injuries in Gaza. The mental health implications for children in war zones are profound and long-lasting, making it essential to understand the trauma they endure and explore potential paths to healing.

Last updated: 20 October 2023 (BST)

What’s happening now

As of October 2023, millions of children remain trapped in conflict zones, with over 520 million worldwide living under the threat of violence. The psychological toll of these experiences is staggering, leading to increased instances of mental health issues among young people. In Gaza, the recent escalation of conflict has intensified the urgent need for psychological support and medical care for affected children, like Abdelrahman, who are evacuated for treatment but continue to suffer from the scars of war.

Key takeaways

• 520 million children live in conflict zones, highlighting a global crisis.
• Trauma affects children’s mental health, potentially leading to PTSD and other disorders.
• Stable environments and supportive relationships are crucial for recovery.

Timeline: how we got here

The impact of warfare on children has a long history, but recent conflicts have exacerbated the plight of young people:

• July 2024: Abdelrahman is injured during an air strike in Gaza, leading to the amputation of his leg.
• October 2023: The conflict escalates with significant violence impacting children, particularly in Gaza and Ukraine.
• February 2022: The invasion of Ukraine results in widespread trauma among children as families are displaced.
• October 2023: The abduction of children by Hamas prompts international concern over their mental health.

What’s new vs what’s known

New today/this week

The continuous cycle of violence globally has led to new reports highlighting the acute mental health crisis among children in conflict zones. Recent studies indicate that immediate psychological support is crucial after traumatic events, as seen with Abdelrahman and many other children evacuated for treatment.

What was already established

Research has long established that exposure to violence and trauma can lead to severe mental health issues in children. Studies show that factors such as familial support, safety, and educational opportunities play significant roles in their recovery.

Impact for the UK

Consumers and households

The influx of refugees from conflict zones, including children, places additional strain on UK resources. Communities are challenged to provide adequate support and integration for these vulnerable populations, which can lead to increased awareness and advocacy for mental health services.

Businesses and jobs

Employers may encounter a growing need for sensitivity training and support mechanisms for employees affected by trauma, particularly in sectors involving direct service to refugees and children from war-torn areas.

Policy and regulation

UK policymakers are urged to prioritise mental health in the context of humanitarian responses. The government may consider new regulations to enhance support systems for affected children and families, ensuring their needs are addressed in public health initiatives.

Numbers that matter

• 520 million: The estimated number of children living in conflict zones globally.
• 80%: Percentage of Syrian refugee children found to be vulnerable to multiple psychological disorders.
• 21%: The recovery rate of children treated for trauma after WWII, illustrating long-term impacts of war.

Definitions and jargon buster

• PTSD: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, a mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event.
• Toxic stress: The prolonged activation of stress response systems in the absence of protective relationships.
• Epigenetics: The study of how behaviours and environment can cause changes that affect the way genes work.

How to think about the next steps

Near term (0–4 weeks)

Immediate priority should be to provide psychological first aid and establish safe spaces for children affected by conflict. This includes ensuring access to mental health professionals trained to deal with trauma.

Medium term (1–6 months)

Long-term recovery plans should focus on educational opportunities and stable living conditions for displaced families. Community support structures must be strengthened to help children re-establish routines.

Signals to watch

• Monitor reports of mental health interventions in refugee camps and hospitals.
• Observe changes in policies related to child welfare in conflict-affected regions.
• Track statistics on the mental health outcomes for children receiving support in the UK.

Practical guidance

Do

• Encourage open discussions about trauma and mental health in schools and communities.
• Advocate for increased funding for mental health services targeting children.

Don’t

• Avoid minimising the experiences of children affected by conflict.
• Do not overlook the importance of stable environments in recovery.

Checklist

• Ensure access to mental health professionals in schools.
• Promote safe community spaces for children to play and learn.
• Foster supportive family environments for children experiencing trauma.

Risks, caveats, and uncertainties

While significant progress has been made in understanding trauma, there remain gaps in research on effective interventions, especially in the context of ongoing conflicts. The complexity of intergenerational trauma also complicates the picture, as does the varying impact of trauma on different children based on their circumstances.

Bottom line

The plight of children in war zones remains a pressing humanitarian crisis. Addressing their mental health needs is crucial for their recovery and future. As conflict continues in various regions, the responsibility falls upon global communities to protect these vulnerable lives and provide them with the support they need.

FAQs

What are the common mental health issues faced by children in conflict zones?

Common mental health issues include PTSD, anxiety, depression, and developmental delays due to trauma experienced from violence and loss.

How can we support children affected by war?

Support can be offered through access to mental health care, safe spaces for play and education, and stable family environments that foster resilience.

Are there long-term effects of childhood trauma from conflict?

Yes, childhood trauma can lead to lasting effects on mental and physical health, including increased risk of mental health disorders and chronic health issues later in life.