What Are People Reading Right Now?

The concept of space data centres has gained traction as leaders in the AI and space industries propose that the future of data processing could lie beyond Earth. With concerns about energy consumption and land use on our planet, technologies like Google's Project Suncatcher aim to test the feasibility of launching data centres into orbit by 2027. While proponents argue that abundant solar energy and fewer regulations in space could make this a viable option, critics caution against the high costs and technical challenges involved in developing such facilities.

Last updated: 12 October 2023 (BST)

What’s happening now

The idea of building data centres in space has moved from science fiction to a topic of serious discussion among tech leaders. Google, Elon Musk, and others are investing time and resources into exploring this innovative concept. The urgency behind these discussions stems from the increasing limitations faced by terrestrial data centres, which struggle with power availability, environmental regulations, and rising operational costs.

Key takeaways

• Space data centres could address the energy and land constraints of Earth-based facilities.
• Google's Project Suncatcher is set to start test launches in 2027.
• High launch costs and technical challenges remain significant barriers to feasibility.

Timeline: how we got here

The concept of space data centres has evolved over decades. Here’s a brief timeline of milestones:

• 1960s: NASA introduces the idea of space data centres.
• 1980s: The notion of “data repositories” in space appears in science fiction.
• 2010s: The idea resurfaces as a potential solution for modern AI processing needs.
• November 2023: Google announces Project Suncatcher, aiming for test launches in 2027.

What’s new vs what’s known

New today/this week

Recent developments include Google’s announcement regarding Project Suncatcher, which aims to initiate test launches by 2027. This project has garnered interest from high-profile tech leaders, indicating a growing belief in the viability of space data centres.

What was already established

The idea of utilising space for data processing has been around since the 20th century, with NASA being one of the earliest proponents. However, substantial technological advancements and cost reductions are necessary for practical implementation.

Impact for the UK

Consumers and households

If space data centres become a reality, UK consumers could see changes in data access and AI-driven services, potentially leading to improved efficiency in various sectors. However, the transition will take time and may not significantly alter immediate consumer experiences.

Businesses and jobs

The UK technology sector may benefit from new job opportunities related to space data centre development and maintenance. Firms involved in AI and space exploration could see growth, but the extent will depend on the timeline and feasibility of launching data centres into orbit.

Policy and regulation

The UK government may need to consider new regulations regarding space operations, especially as the interest in space data centres grows. Discussions around technology investments and environmental impacts will be essential in shaping future policies.

Numbers that matter

• US$1.4 trillion: Investment by OpenAI in data centre projects worldwide.
• 5 years: Estimated timeline for making space data centres economically viable, according to some industry leaders.
• US$8,000: Current cost to launch one kilogramme of material into space.
• 300 gigawatts: The power output Elon Musk has suggested for potential space data centres.

Definitions and jargon buster

• Data Centre: A facility used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems.
• AI: Artificial Intelligence, the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines.
• Solar Panels: Devices that convert light energy into electrical energy using photovoltaic cells.

How to think about the next steps

Near term (0–4 weeks)

Monitor developments on Project Suncatcher and other initiatives related to space data centres. Pay attention to industry conferences and announcements from leading tech companies.

Medium term (1–6 months)

Watch for advancements in launching technology and any changes in the cost of sending materials into space. This will be crucial in assessing the viability of space data centres.

Signals to watch

• Trends in launch costs for space missions.
• Advancements in technologies for cooling and radiation protection of computer chips in space.
• Public and regulatory responses to proposed space data centre projects.

Practical guidance

Do

• Stay informed about developments in AI and space technology.
• Consider the potential implications of space data centres on your industry.

Don’t

• Assume that space data centres will become operational in the immediate future without considering the significant challenges ahead.
• Dismiss the idea as purely speculative; ongoing discussions may lead to breakthroughs.

Checklist

• Review the latest news on AI investments and space technology.
• Assess how advancements in space data centres could impact your business or sector.
• Engage with community discussions about technology regulations and environmental considerations.

Risks, caveats, and uncertainties

While the idea of space data centres is intriguing, numerous uncertainties surround its feasibility. The high costs of launching materials into space, the need for radiation-resistant technology, and the cooling challenges posed by a vacuum environment all present significant hurdles. Moreover, the timeline for overcoming these obstacles remains unclear, with estimates varying widely among experts.

Bottom line

The prospect of space data centres represents a bold vision for the future of data processing, driven by the increasing demands of artificial intelligence. However, the path to realising this vision is fraught with challenges, including high costs and technical limitations. As developments unfold, it's essential to keep an eye on the evolving landscape of AI and space technology.

FAQs

What are space data centres?

Space data centres are proposed facilities that would operate in orbit, taking advantage of abundant solar energy and fewer regulations compared to Earth-based data centres.

When will the first space data centres launch?

Google's Project Suncatcher plans to initiate test launches in 2027, marking the first significant step towards realising space data centres.

What challenges do space data centres face?

Challenges include high launch costs, technical issues related to radiation and cooling, and the need for advancements in space technology to make them viable.