Is Starlink Free in Iran, and What Risks Are Protesters Facing?

Starlink has reportedly waived monthly subscription payments for users in Iran amidst a severe internet shutdown following ongoing protests. This satellite technology, vital for communication, has become a lifeline for many Iranians seeking to share their experiences and information during a deadly government crackdown.

Last updated: 17 October 2023 (BST)

What’s happening now

In the wake of widespread protests against the Iranian government, Starlink, a satellite internet service operated by SpaceX, has suspended subscription fees for its users in Iran. This decision comes after the Iranian government imposed a blanket internet blackout, effectively isolating millions of citizens from the outside world. Reports indicate that the service is still operational for many users despite the lack of payment, providing a crucial communication channel for those trying to document and share the situation on the ground with the international community.

Key takeaways

Starlink has reportedly made its service free for users in Iran following the internet blackout.
The Iranian government has intensified efforts to suppress information by searching for Starlink devices.
Human rights groups have documented over 2,400 deaths during the protests, with many more unreported.

Timeline: how we got here

The situation in Iran has escalated dramatically over the past few weeks. Key dates include:

16 September 2022: Protests erupt following the death of Mahsa Amini, a young woman detained for allegedly violating Iran's strict dress code.
12 October 2023: The Iranian government imposes an internet blackout amid escalating protests and civil unrest.
16 October 2023: Reports emerge that Starlink has waived subscription fees for users in Iran.

What’s new vs what’s known

New today/this week

Starlink's decision to waive fees has allowed users in Iran to access their service without financial burden, enabling them to communicate crucial information about the ongoing protests. This development is significant, given that access to information has been severely restricted by the Iranian government.

What was already established

The Iranian government has a historical pattern of curtailing internet access during times of civil unrest. Previous incidents highlight the regime's strategies of jamming internet signals and monitoring communications to suppress dissent. Human rights organisations have consistently reported on the government's violent tactics against protesters and efforts to control the narrative through censorship.

Impact for the UK

Consumers and households

The situation in Iran has global implications, including in the UK, where awareness and advocacy for human rights are paramount. The internet blackout and the crackdown on free expression may prompt discussions about digital rights, surveillance, and the importance of open communication channels for dissidents and activists worldwide.

Businesses and jobs

For technology companies with operations in Iran or interests in the region, the situation poses significant risks. Firms could face challenges related to compliance with international laws, ethical considerations, and reputational risks associated with engaging or withdrawing from the market.

Policy and regulation

The UK government may respond by imposing further sanctions or diplomatic measures aimed at pressuring the Iranian regime to respect human rights. As the situation evolves, policymakers will need to consider how best to support Iranian citizens while balancing international relations.

Numbers that matter

50,000: Estimated number of Starlink users in Iran, according to human rights organisations.
2,400: Confirmed deaths of protesters during the ongoing unrest in Iran.
1,000 km: Distance travelled by one individual to access foreign mobile networks for sending video evidence of protests.

Definitions and jargon buster

Starlink: A satellite internet constellation project developed by SpaceX to provide internet access globally, especially in underserved areas.
VPN: Virtual Private Network, a service that encrypts internet traffic and masks the user's IP address to protect privacy online.
IRGC: Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, a branch of Iran's Armed Forces, tasked with protecting the Islamic Republic's political system.

How to think about the next steps

Near term (0–4 weeks)

The immediate focus will be on monitoring the situation in Iran, particularly how effective Starlink remains as a communication tool amidst increasing government scrutiny. The international community will likely rally to support Iranian citizens in their pursuit of free expression.

Medium term (1–6 months)

As protests continue, the Iranian government's response is expected to intensify. The potential for further internet blackouts and crackdowns could escalate, impacting how information is disseminated. Advocacy for human rights and digital freedoms will remain critical.

Signals to watch

Updates on the number of Starlink users in Iran and their ability to access the service.
Reports from human rights organisations on the regime's response to ongoing protests.
Statements from international bodies regarding sanctions or measures against Iran.

Practical guidance

Do

Stay informed about developments in Iran and the status of internet access for citizens.
Support organisations advocating for human rights in Iran.
Encourage discussions about digital rights and freedom of expression in your community.

Don’t

Engage in speculation about the situation without verified information.
Dismiss the importance of safe communication channels for those in oppressive regimes.
Ignore the potential consequences of digital surveillance and censorship.

Checklist

Verify sources before sharing information about the situation in Iran.
Consider supporting advocacy groups focused on human rights.
Stay updated on international responses to Iran's actions.
Engage in discussions about the importance of internet freedom.
Monitor news for updates on Starlink's role in Iran.

Risks, caveats, and uncertainties

While the reports about Starlink waiving fees are encouraging, the situation in Iran remains fluid and dangerous. The Iranian government has a history of violence and repression, making it challenging to gauge the true scale of the unrest. Additionally, the effectiveness of Starlink amidst ongoing government crackdowns is uncertain, and users face significant risks when attempting to communicate sensitive information.

Bottom line

The decision by Starlink to waive fees for Iranian users highlights the critical role that satellite internet technology plays in enabling communication during times of repression. As the situation unfolds, the interplay between technology, human rights, and governmental control will continue to be a focal point for both Iranian citizens and the international community.

FAQs

What is Starlink and how does it work?

Starlink is a satellite internet service that uses a constellation of satellites to provide global internet coverage, especially in remote areas. It connects users through small ground dishes equipped with Wi-Fi routers.

Why has Starlink waived fees for users in Iran?

Starlink has suspended subscription fees in response to the Iranian government's internet blackout, allowing users to maintain communication during a critical time of unrest.

What are the risks of using Starlink in Iran?

Using Starlink in Iran is illegal and carries penalties, including imprisonment. The government actively searches for Starlink devices, and users face the risk of being identified and persecuted.