Is South Carolina's Measles Surge Threatening US Elimination Status?

South Carolina is currently facing a significant measles outbreak, with 88 new cases reported recently, bringing the total to 646 infections since October. This alarming surge highlights the dangers of vaccine hesitancy and poses a risk to the state's measles elimination status. As health officials respond, over 500 individuals, including students from 15 schools, are now in quarantine due to exposure to the virus.

Last updated: 20 October 2023 (BST)

What’s happening now

The measles outbreak in South Carolina has escalated rapidly, particularly in Spartanburg, a town with around 39,000 residents. State health officials have confirmed that the outbreak is the most severe since Texas recorded over 700 cases in 2025. This resurgence is concerning as it threatens the US's measles elimination status, which has been in place since 2000. With measles being one of the most contagious diseases, the situation is being closely monitored. Over 500 individuals are currently in quarantine, including students from local schools and universities, such as Clemson and Anderson.

Key takeaways

88 new measles cases reported in South Carolina, totalling 646 since October.
Over 500 people in quarantine due to exposure.
Outbreak centred in Spartanburg, affecting local schools and universities.
Measles is highly contagious, with significant health risks.
Vaccination rates in Spartanburg County are around 90%.

Timeline: how we got here

Since the beginning of the outbreak, significant events have unfolded:

October 2023: First cases reported, with numbers steadily increasing.
15 October 2023: 646 total cases reported, with the outbreak primarily in Spartanburg.
17 October 2023: 88 new cases confirmed over the prior week, leading to quarantine measures.

What’s new vs what’s known

New today/this week

The latest reports confirm 88 new cases of measles in a single week, highlighting the rapid spread of the virus. The quarantine measures for over 500 individuals underscore the seriousness of the situation.

What was already established

Previously, the US had declared measles eliminated in 2000, but recent years have seen a resurgence of cases, often attributed to anti-vaccine sentiments and misinformation regarding vaccine safety.

Impact for the UK

Consumers and households

While the outbreak is focused in South Carolina, it serves as a reminder of the importance of vaccination and public health measures in combatting highly contagious diseases. In the UK, health authorities may need to increase awareness and vaccination efforts to prevent similar outbreaks.

Businesses and jobs

Businesses, particularly in the education sector, may face disruptions due to quarantine measures. Increased absenteeism among staff and students can impact productivity and operations.

Policy and regulation

In the UK, the government and health authorities might consider reviewing vaccination policies and public health campaigns to ensure high immunisation rates, especially in light of rising anti-vaccine sentiments globally.

Numbers that matter

646: Total measles cases reported in South Carolina since October 2023.
88: New cases in the past week.
500+: Individuals currently in quarantine due to exposure.
90%: Vaccination rate for school-aged children in Spartanburg County.
97%: Effectiveness of the two-dose MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine in preventing measles.

Definitions and jargon buster

Measles: A highly contagious viral infection that spreads through respiratory droplets.
Herd immunity: When a sufficient portion of a population is immune to a disease, protecting those who are unvaccinated.
MMR vaccine: A vaccine that protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, typically administered in two doses.

How to think about the next steps

Near term (0–4 weeks)

Health authorities will likely continue to monitor the outbreak closely. Increased vaccination campaigns may be initiated, particularly in affected areas, to curb the spread.

Medium term (1–6 months)

If the outbreak persists, broader public health initiatives may be required, including potential policy changes to mandate vaccinations in schools and universities.

Signals to watch

Updates on new measles cases and vaccination rates in South Carolina.
Responses from public health officials regarding containment measures.
Potential policy changes regarding vaccination mandates in the UK.

Practical guidance

Do

Ensure vaccinations are up to date, particularly for school-aged children.
Stay informed about public health advisories and outbreak updates.
Seek reliable information regarding vaccine safety and efficacy.

Don’t

Ignore vaccination recommendations from health officials.
Spread misinformation about vaccines or the severity of measles.
Delay seeking medical advice if exposed to the virus.

Checklist

Check your vaccination status and that of your family.
Follow local health guidelines regarding outbreaks.
Discuss any concerns about vaccines with a healthcare provider.
Monitor updates from health authorities on measles outbreaks.
Educate yourself and others about the importance of herd immunity.

Risks, caveats, and uncertainties

While the outbreak in South Carolina is alarming, it is essential to recognise that the situation is evolving. As health officials respond, new information could emerge that may alter the current understanding of the outbreak. Additionally, vaccine hesitancy remains a significant barrier to achieving herd immunity, which poses ongoing risks of future outbreaks.

Bottom line

The measles outbreak in South Carolina serves as a critical reminder of the importance of vaccinations in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. With rising cases and quarantine measures in place, it is vital for individuals to stay informed and ensure their vaccinations are current to protect themselves and their communities from potential outbreaks.

FAQs

What is measles and how is it spread?

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection that spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can lead to severe health complications.

How effective is the MMR vaccine in preventing measles?

The MMR vaccine is 97% effective at preventing measles after two doses, significantly reducing the risk of severe infections.

What should I do if I think I have been exposed to measles?

If you believe you have been exposed to measles, seek medical advice immediately and ensure your vaccinations are up to date.