Are Record Numbers of Rough Sleepers in England a Growing Crisis?

The number of people sleeping rough in England has reached its highest level since records began in 2010, with 4,793 individuals estimated to be sleeping on the streets during a single night last autumn. This figure, reflecting a 3% increase from the previous year, highlights the escalating homelessness crisis in the UK. The government has allocated £50 million over three years to support councils and homelessness services as the situation worsens.

Last updated: 04 October 2023 (BST)

What’s happening now

The latest government figures reveal a stark reality for many in England, with the number of rough sleepers hitting record levels. The increase in rough sleeping is particularly pronounced among women, where the numbers rose by 8% to 733. In total, 3,938 men were recorded, alongside 122 whose gender remains unrecorded. This alarming trend has prompted government intervention, with a £50 million funding package aimed at local councils and frontline services to combat homelessness. However, many charities and support organisations warn that despite these efforts, the demand for assistance continues to rise dramatically.

Key takeaways

4,793 people were estimated to be sleeping rough in England in autumn 2025, marking the highest level since 2010.
The number of female rough sleepers increased by 8%, while men accounted for the majority at 3,938.
Government funding of £50 million aims to support councils and frontline services over three years.
London has the highest number of rough sleepers, with 1,277 recorded, but the north east experienced the steepest increase.
Charities like Homeless Street Angels report a surge in demand for food and support services.

Timeline: how we got here

The issue of rough sleeping in England has been escalating for years. Below is a brief timeline of significant events:

2010: First official records of rough sleeping in England commence.
2017: The number of rough sleepers peaks at 4,751, prompting increasing concern.
2024: A reported 4,646 individuals are estimated to be sleeping rough, indicating a growing trend.
September 2025: Latest figures show a rise to 4,793 rough sleepers, the highest level recorded.
October 2025: Government announces a £50 million funding plan to address rising homelessness.

What’s new vs what’s known

New today/this week

The latest figures released highlight an alarming increase in rough sleeping, particularly among women and in specific regions like the north east. The government’s new funding initiative aims to tackle these rising numbers and provide immediate relief to those affected.

What was already established

Historically, rough sleeping has been a growing issue in England, with previous peaks in 2017. Charities and support organisations have consistently reported increasing demand for services, suggesting that the official statistics may underestimate the true scale of homelessness.

Impact for the UK

Consumers and households

The rise in rough sleeping is indicative of broader social and economic issues, including rising living costs and housing shortages. Many families are also affected, as evidenced by the increasing number of households living in temporary accommodation, which has now reached a record 134,760. This figure includes over 85,000 children, highlighting the urgent need for comprehensive support systems.

Businesses and jobs

Local businesses in areas with high rates of rough sleeping may experience both positive and negative impacts. While increased foot traffic can benefit some retailers, the presence of rough sleepers can deter customers in others. Moreover, charities report that many of those living on the streets are struggling to find employment, further exacerbating the cycle of poverty and homelessness.

Policy and regulation

The UK government has set a target to halve long-term rough sleeping by 2030. However, achieving this goal will require sustained efforts from local authorities, charities, and the community. Upcoming consultations and policy decisions will be crucial in determining how effectively resources are allocated and whether the target can be met.

Numbers that matter

4,793: Total number of rough sleepers recorded in autumn 2025.
1,277: Number of rough sleepers in London, the highest in any region.
8%: Increase in the number of female rough sleepers from the previous year.
31%: Year-on-year increase in rough sleeping in the north east of England.
134,760: Number of families living in temporary accommodation as of September 2025.

Definitions and jargon buster

Rough sleeping: A term used to describe individuals who are homeless and sleeping in the open or in places not intended for habitation.
Temporary accommodation: Housing provided for individuals or families who are homeless, often in hotels or B&Bs, while they await more permanent housing solutions.
Long-term rough sleeping: A classification referring to individuals who have been homeless for an extended period, typically defined as more than six months.

How to think about the next steps

Near term (0–4 weeks)

In the short term, local authorities will need to mobilise the £50 million funding to address the immediate needs of rough sleepers. This may include increasing the availability of temporary accommodation and food support services.

Medium term (1–6 months)

Over the next few months, ongoing assessment of the situation will be necessary to understand the effectiveness of current policies and funding allocations. Charities and support services may need to adapt their strategies based on evolving demand and available resources.

Signals to watch

Monthly reports on the numbers of rough sleepers published by the government.
Updates from local charities regarding the demand for services and available assistance.
Changes in policy or funding allocations that could impact homelessness services.

Practical guidance

Do

Stay informed about local homelessness initiatives and services available in your area.
Support local charities through donations or volunteering to help those in need.
Advocate for policy changes that promote affordable housing and support for homeless individuals.

Don’t

Ignore the issue of homelessness; it affects the entire community.
Assume that all rough sleepers are unwilling to seek help; many face barriers to accessing services.
Overlook the importance of mental health support for those transitioning out of homelessness.

Checklist

Research local charities and services addressing homelessness.
Identify opportunities for community involvement or support.
Monitor local government announcements regarding homelessness policies.
Understand the different types of homelessness and the needs of those affected.
Stay updated on statistics and reports regarding rough sleeping in your area.

Risks, caveats, and uncertainties

While the latest figures provide a snapshot of rough sleeping in England, they are likely to underestimate the true scale of homelessness. The count only includes those sleeping rough on a single night, meaning many individuals who may be homeless but not visible at that time are not accounted for. Furthermore, the ongoing economic challenges, including rising living costs and housing shortages, could exacerbate the situation further in the coming months.

Bottom line

The record high number of rough sleepers in England underscores the urgent need for effective solutions to combat homelessness. As the government and local authorities mobilise resources, community involvement will be crucial in providing support and fostering long-term change. With a commitment to halve long-term rough sleeping by 2030, there remains a significant challenge ahead for all stakeholders involved.

FAQs

What is the current number of rough sleepers in England?

As of autumn 2025, there are 4,793 people estimated to be sleeping rough in England, the highest number since records began in 2010.

How is the government addressing homelessness?

The government has allocated £50 million over three years to support councils and frontline services in tackling homelessness and providing immediate assistance to rough sleepers.

What challenges do rough sleepers face?

Rough sleepers often face numerous challenges, including lack of access to healthcare, difficulties in securing employment, and barriers to finding stable accommodation.