How Did a Bullet Through Her Skull Transform a Tanzania Abduction Survivor's Life?

In Tanzania, the alarming trend of enforced disappearances, particularly targeting activists and opposition figures, has raised serious human rights concerns. Edgar Mwakabela, known as Sativa, recently recounted his harrowing abduction and near-death experience, shedding light on the dangerous climate for dissenters in the country. His story, alongside others, illustrates the growing violence against critics of the ruling party, Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), as the nation approaches its general elections.

Last updated: 26 October 2023 (BST)

Understanding the Crisis of Enforced Disappearances in Tanzania

Enforced disappearances in Tanzania have become increasingly common, particularly in the lead-up to electoral periods. Activists, journalists, and opposition voices have found themselves at risk of violent abduction, often carried out by individuals believed to be affiliated with the authorities. The chilling account of Sativa, who survived a brutal kidnapping and torture, underscores the dire situation faced by many in the country.

• Enforced disappearances have surged ahead of Tanzania's upcoming elections.
• Activists like Sativa have reported brutal treatment at the hands of their captors.
• Government denial of involvement contrasts with eyewitness accounts of police complicity.
• Over 200 enforced disappearances were reported since 2019, according to UN experts.
• Families of missing persons are left in anguish with little hope for resolution.

The Harrowing Account of Edgar Mwakabela (Sativa)

On 23 June 2022, Edgar Mwakabela, a prominent social media activist, was abducted in Dar es Salaam. His captors, whom he suspects were police officers, interrogated him about his activism and criticisms of the CCM party. He was transported across Tanzania, experiencing severe physical abuse, including being beaten with a machete and ultimately shot in the head. Remarkably, Sativa survived the ordeal and was rescued by wildlife rangers after crawling to a road.

What Happened During Sativa's Abduction?

Sativa's ordeal began with his kidnapping on a busy highway. After being blindfolded and handcuffed, he was subjected to a brutal interrogation. His captors aimed to uncover the sources of his activism and opposition to the government. The violence escalated as he was transported to the remote Katavi region, where he faced even greater peril. His near-fatal gunshot wound could have silenced him forever, but his survival has become a beacon of hope for those fighting for justice in Tanzania.

The Broader Context of Abductions in Tanzania

The abduction of Sativa is not an isolated incident. Reports indicate a worrying pattern of enforced disappearances targeting government critics and opposition members. As the general elections approach, these incidents have intensified, leading to fears among activists and the general public. Families have reported numerous cases of missing persons, with many receiving no answers from authorities.

Official Denials and Public Outcry

The Tanzanian government has consistently denied any involvement in such abductions. Official statements claim that investigations are ongoing and that the police are committed to resolving cases of missing persons. However, many families express frustration, feeling that their concerns are dismissed and that the investigations lead nowhere.

Stories of the Missing: The Chaula Family

The case of portrait artist Shedrack Chaula highlights the anguish faced by families of the disappeared. Following his viral TikTok video criticising President Samia Suluhu, Chaula was abducted in July 2022. His father, Yusuf Chaula, has searched tirelessly for his son, visiting prisons and police stations without success. The emotional toll of uncertainty weighs heavily on families like the Chualas, who are left without closure.

UN Reports and Human Rights Concerns

In June 2024, UN experts reported over 200 enforced disappearances in Tanzania since 2019, expressing alarm over the government's actions against dissenters. Rights organisations such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch have accused the authorities of orchestrating these abductions to silence opposition. Despite these serious allegations, the government continues to deny any wrongdoing.

The Role of the Police and Government Response

Despite the grave concerns raised by human rights groups, the Tanzanian police have claimed to be acting on information about missing persons. They have identified some cases as self-staged abductions or resulting from personal disputes. This narrative raises scepticism among the public, who perceive a lack of genuine commitment to uncovering the truth behind these disappearances.

High-Profile Cases and Continued Violence

The abduction of Mpaluka Nyangali, an opposition politician known as Mdude, further illustrates the dangers faced by those opposing the government. Witnessed by his family, his violent abduction left many questioning the involvement of state security forces. His wife's plea for justice highlights the frustration felt by many families whose loved ones have vanished without a trace.

The Psychological Impact on Families and Activists

The emotional toll on families of the disappeared is profound. Many are left to grapple with unanswered questions and the pain of uncertainty. Activists report a chilling effect, where fear of abduction discourages open criticism of the government. This oppressive atmosphere stifles free expression and undermines democratic processes.

International Reaction and Calls for Action

International human rights organisations have called for immediate action from the Tanzanian government to address the crisis of enforced disappearances. Activists within and outside the country continue to advocate for justice, urging the international community to hold the Tanzanian authorities accountable. Without intervention, the cycle of violence and repression may continue unabated.

Looking Ahead: The Future of Activism in Tanzania

As Tanzania approaches its general elections, the future of activism remains uncertain. The government's continued denial of involvement in abductions contrasts sharply with the lived experiences of activists and their families. Many fear that without significant change, the environment for dissent will only worsen.

The Importance of Solidarity and Support

In the face of adversity, solidarity among activists and the community is crucial. Support networks can provide emotional assistance and raise awareness of these issues. As the situation develops, it will be essential for both local and international actors to remain vigilant and advocate for those whose voices are being silenced.

FAQs

What are enforced disappearances?

Enforced disappearances occur when individuals are abducted by state officials or agents, with the victims' whereabouts kept secret. This practice often targets political opponents and critics, leading to severe human rights violations.

How many enforced disappearances have been reported in Tanzania?

Since 2019, over 200 enforced disappearances have been reported in Tanzania, according to UN experts. This alarming trend highlights the risks faced by activists and opposition figures.

What has the Tanzanian government said about these incidents?

The Tanzanian government has denied any involvement in enforced disappearances, claiming to investigate cases of missing persons. However, many families and activists express scepticism about the government's commitment to resolving these issues.

How can activists in Tanzania seek support?

Activists in Tanzania can seek support through local and international human rights organisations, which can provide legal assistance, emotional support, and advocacy for their rights and safety.

What is the international community doing about the situation in Tanzania?

The international community, including human rights organisations, is calling for accountability and action from the Tanzanian government to address enforced disappearances and uphold human rights. Continued pressure may help bring about change.

The plight of activists in Tanzania serves as a stark reminder of the ongoing struggle for human rights and freedom of expression. As these stories unfold, the need for justice and accountability remains paramount. #Tanzania #HumanRights #Activism