What Sparked the Nepal Anti-Corruption Protests and PM's Resignation?

On 12 October 2023, Nepal's Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli resigned amidst escalating protests and public outrage following the deaths of 21 individuals in police clashes with anti-corruption demonstrators. The protests, largely driven by the youth, were sparked by a controversial social media ban that has since been lifted. Demonstrators are demanding an end to corruption and accountability from their leaders, showcasing the power of social media in modern activism.

Last updated: 12 October 2023 (BST)

Key Takeaways

• Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli resigned following widespread protests against government corruption.
• The demonstrations were ignited by a social media ban that has since been repealed.
• Protesters, mainly youths, are demanding accountability and reforms in governance.
• Over 200 injuries have been reported, with tragic fatalities during clashes with police.
• Social media plays a crucial role in mobilising and galvanising the protest movement.

Background to the Protests

The recent upheaval in Nepal is unprecedented, with thousands of young people taking to the streets to voice their discontent. The protests began on 9 October 2023, following the government's decision to ban 26 social media platforms, including popular services like WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook. This ban was framed as an effort to regulate content, but many perceived it as an attempt to silence dissent.

Critics of the government have pointed out that this move coincided with growing anti-corruption sentiments among the populace, particularly among the youth. The ban was quickly repealed on 10 October, but the damage was done; it had acted as a catalyst, igniting long-standing frustrations regarding governance and corruption in Nepal.

The Escalation of Violence

As protests erupted in Kathmandu and other cities, the situation turned violent. The police employed tear gas, water cannons, and rubber bullets to disperse demonstrators, leading to significant injuries on both sides. Reports indicated that nearly 200 individuals were injured during these clashes, with many requiring hospital treatment for serious wounds.

Among the fatalities was a tragic toll of at least 21 lives lost since the unrest began, prompting further outrage and calls for justice from the public. The government's subsequent imposition of a curfew around key government buildings only intensified the protesters' resolve. Videos circulating on social media depicted scenes of vandalism and arson, targeting properties associated with leading politicians, including Prime Minister Oli himself.

Emergence of Youth Leadership

This movement is notably led by the younger generation, many of whom identify as part of Generation Z. Their participation marks a shift in Nepal's political landscape, with social media serving as an essential tool for organisation and communication. Numerous youth collectives have sprung up, mobilising individuals through social media platforms and encouraging participation in the protests.

Students from various educational institutions have rallied together, often marching in uniform while carrying books, symbolising their commitment to education and a better future. Videos have emerged showing schoolchildren joining the protests, highlighting the widespread appeal of the movement.

Demands of the Protesters

The protesters have expressed clear demands: the lifting of the social media ban (already achieved) and an end to corrupt practices endemic within the government. Many young people argue that the social media blockade is a direct attack on their freedom of expression and a hindrance to their education.

As Binu KC, a 19-year-old college student, articulated, "Leaders promise one thing during elections but never deliver. They are the cause of so many problems." This sentiment is echoed by Subhana Budhathoki, a content creator, who emphasised that the protest is about silencing youth voices.

Symbols of the Movement

The protests have also seen the rise of two particular slogans: #Nepo Baby and #Nepo Kids. These phrases have gained traction on social media, stemming from viral videos showcasing the lavish lifestyles of politicians and their families. Protesters argue that these individuals enjoy undue privilege and wealth while the average Nepali struggles with unemployment and economic hardship.

The stark contrast between the elite lifestyles and the daily realities faced by ordinary citizens has sparked a broader conversation about inequality and corruption in Nepal. The slogans serve not only as rallying cries but also as symbols of the generational frustration towards political corruption and economic disparity.

Government Response and Future Implications

In light of the mounting pressure, Prime Minister Oli's resignation on 12 October 2023 came as a significant development. His departure followed the resignations of three other high-ranking officials, signalling a potential shift in the political landscape. However, analysts caution that unless the government engages in meaningful dialogue with demonstrators, the unrest may escalate further.

The youth-led movement has shown no signs of abating, with calls for accountability and systemic reforms in governance becoming increasingly urgent. The growing involvement of students and civil society groups suggests that this is not merely a fleeting moment of dissent but rather a significant turning point for democracy in Nepal.

Conclusion

The protests in Nepal represent a powerful expression of youth activism in the face of corruption and government overreach. As many young people continue to fight for their rights and demand change, it remains to be seen how the government will respond. Will there be meaningful reforms, or will the protests escalate into a wider movement for systemic change? The outcome could shape the future of Nepal's political landscape for years to come.

FAQs

What sparked the protests in Nepal?

The protests were sparked by a government ban on 26 social media platforms, which many perceived as an attempt to stifle dissent amid growing anti-corruption sentiments.

How many people have been injured in the protests?

Nearly 200 individuals have been reported injured during the clashes between protesters and police, with some requiring serious medical attention.

What are the main demands of the protesters?

The protesters are demanding an end to corrupt practices within the government and the assurance of freedom of expression, particularly concerning social media usage.

Who is leading the protests?

The protests are largely led by young people, particularly college students and members of Generation Z, who are mobilising through social media and youth collectives.

What is the significance of the slogans #Nepo Baby and #Nepo Kids?

These slogans highlight the perceived inequalities in Nepal, contrasting the lavish lifestyles of politicians with the struggles faced by ordinary citizens, and have become symbols of the protest movement.