Should We Be Worried About Measles Exposure? Insights from a Professor

On September 6, the University of Alberta alerted its staff and students about potential measles exposure on campus, highlighting specific dates and locations where contact may have occurred. The rise in measles cases across Alberta has raised concerns, though experts believe the risk of an outbreak remains low, particularly among those who are vaccinated. This article explores the details surrounding the exposure, the nature of measles, and ongoing vaccination efforts in Alberta.

Last updated: 06 October 2023 (BST)

Key Takeaways

• The University of Alberta reported potential measles exposure on August 31 and September 2.
• Measles is highly infectious, with an R value of 15.
• Individuals vaccinated against measles have a low risk of infection.
• Public health officials stress the importance of maintaining high vaccination rates.
• There are concerns regarding pockets of low vaccination rates in Alberta.

Understanding Measles and Its Transmission

Measles is a highly contagious viral infection primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can remain active and contagious on surfaces for several hours, making it particularly dangerous in communal environments. For every person infected, it can spread to an average of 15 others in a susceptible population, contributing to rapid outbreaks if vaccination rates are low.

The Symptoms of Measles

The symptoms of measles typically appear 10 to 14 days after exposure and include:

• High fever
• Cough
• Runny nose
• Red eyes (conjunctivitis)
• Small white spots inside the mouth (Koplik spots)
• A distinctive red, blotchy rash that begins on the face and spreads to the body

Due to the severity of measles, vaccination remains the most effective preventive measure.

Details of the Recent Exposure at the University of Alberta

The University of Alberta’s recent notice outlined specific exposure times and locations within HUB Mall. The two notable incidents occurred on August 31, with one exposure reported between 11:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. and another between 1:00 p.m. and 5:00 p.m. An additional exposure was noted on September 2, from 10:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Alberta Health Services is responsible for contacting those potentially affected in classrooms directly. The notifications came six days post-exposure, sparking discussions about the timeliness of public health communications.

Risks Associated with the Exposure

While the risk of infection for immunised individuals is low, Dr. Lorne Tyrrell, a professor at the University of Alberta, emphasises that those unvaccinated should be concerned. The virus is known to thrive in enclosed spaces, but the risk diminishes in more open environments like HUB Mall. Dr. Tyrrell pointed out that vaccination rates vary across Alberta, with some areas reporting rates below 60%—a concerning statistic that raises the potential for outbreaks.

The Current Situation of Measles in Alberta

Alberta has been experiencing a rise in measles cases, although recent trends suggest a slowdown. Dr. Tyrrell notes that while the immediate risk of an outbreak from the recent exposure is low, the presence of unvaccinated individuals remains a significant concern. The public health community advocates for vaccination coverage of at least 90% to 95% to effectively prevent widespread transmission.

Implications of Low Vaccination Rates

Low vaccination rates have been attributed to various factors, including the presence of anti-vaccine sentiments in certain communities. Dr. Tyrrell pointed out that while mandatory vaccinations for schoolchildren have helped control measles, there are pockets of unvaccinated individuals, particularly in rural areas. This can lead to vulnerabilities in the population, making it essential to sustain high immunisation levels.

The Importance of Timely Notifications

The university's notification process took six days, raising questions about the adequacy of public health responses to infectious disease exposures. Dr. Tyrrell explained that the delay can be attributed to a lack of familiarity with measles' symptoms and the subsequent diagnosis process. However, timely notification is crucial to mitigate risks and prevent further transmission.

Public Health Perspectives on Measles

Dr. Tyrrell noted that the public often becomes complacent about diseases that have not been prevalent for years. “Measles is a good example of what happens when people let their guard down,” he remarked. The need for continuous public health education is paramount to ensure ongoing awareness and action against potential outbreaks.

What Happens Next?

As Alberta continues to navigate the measles outbreak, health officials are urging communities to remain vigilant. The focus remains on increasing vaccination rates and educating the population about the importance of immunisation. Dr. Tyrrell expressed concern that unless vaccination rates improve, the outbreak may persist longer than anticipated, especially when individuals congregate in enclosed spaces such as schools and universities.

Potential Strategies Moving Forward

In response to the current situation, public health authorities may consider implementing several strategies:

• Enhanced vaccination campaigns to target low-immunisation areas.
• Public education initiatives to raise awareness about measles symptoms and the importance of vaccination.
• Regular updates and clear communication from health authorities regarding potential exposures.
• Collaboration with schools and community organisations to facilitate vaccination drives.

FAQs

What is measles and how does it spread?

Measles is a viral infection that spreads through respiratory droplets. It is highly contagious, with an individual capable of infecting up to 15 others in a non-immunised population.

What are the symptoms of measles?

Symptoms include high fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a characteristic rash that starts on the face and spreads throughout the body.

How can I protect myself from measles?

The best protection against measles is vaccination. Ensure that you are up to date with your immunisations, especially if you are in a high-risk environment.

What should I do if I was exposed to measles?

If you believe you were exposed, monitor for symptoms, and consult your healthcare provider for advice on vaccination or other preventive measures.

What is the current vaccination rate in Alberta?

Vaccination rates vary across Alberta, with some areas reporting rates below 60%. Public health officials recommend maintaining a coverage rate of at least 90% to prevent outbreaks.

Why is timely notification important after a measles exposure?

Timely notifications allow individuals who may have been exposed to take necessary precautions, reducing the risk of further transmission of the virus.

As Alberta grapples with the measles outbreak, the importance of vaccination and public awareness cannot be overstated. Will the province see improvements in immunisation rates to combat this resurgence? #MeaslesAwareness #Vaccination #PublicHealth