What Defines the UK's Special Relationship with the US?

The 'special relationship' between the UK and the US has evolved over nearly 80 years, characterised by deep political, military, and economic ties. From their cooperation during the world wars to shared intelligence operations today, this alliance has significant implications for both nations and global politics. With Donald Trump making a historic second state visit to the UK, discussions surrounding this relationship are more pertinent than ever.

Last updated: 05 October 2023 (BST)

Key Takeaways

• The term 'special relationship' was popularised by Winston Churchill in 1946.
• The two countries collaborate on intelligence through the 'Five Eyes' partnership.
• The UK is the US's largest trading partner, generating significant economic ties.
• Historical friendships, such as those between Thatcher and Reagan, shaped international relations.
• Donald Trump's presidency has reignited discussions about the importance of this alliance.

A Historical Perspective on the UK-US Alliance

The relationship between the UK and the US has been complex, beginning with the American Revolutionary War in 1776, which sought independence from British rule. The animosity of the past gradually transformed into a partnership during the 20th century, particularly through collaboration in both World Wars. By the end of World War II, the two nations recognised the importance of their alliance in the face of the emerging Cold War.

The Birth of the 'Special Relationship'

The phrase 'special relationship' was famously coined by Winston Churchill in 1946 during a speech in Missouri, where he warned of the threat posed by the Soviet Union. He emphasised that the bond between the US and the UK was crucial for the defence of Western values and security. This marked a pivotal moment in international relations, as both nations began to see each other not just as allies, but as partners in promoting democracy and stability worldwide.

Cooperation in Defence and Security

The UK-US alliance extends beyond mere political camaraderie; it encompasses extensive cooperation in defence and security. Both nations are key participants in NATO and have collaborated on numerous military operations. This includes the Korean War in the 1950s, the Gulf Wars, and ongoing conflicts in Afghanistan.

The Five Eyes Alliance

Integral to this partnership is the Five Eyes intelligence-sharing alliance, which includes Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. This collaboration allows for the exchange of vital intelligence, enhancing global security efforts. The UK's intelligence services provide significant capabilities to the US, making the relationship mutually beneficial.

Economic Ties: A Financial Partnership

Economically, the US is the UK's largest trading partner, with bilateral trade generating hundreds of billions of pounds annually. The economic relationship is characterised by the exchange of goods and services across various sectors, including technology, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. Trade agreements and tariffs play a critical role in maintaining this economic partnership.

The Impact of Brexit

Brexit has added a unique dimension to the UK-US relationship. The UK is now seeking to establish new trade agreements outside the EU, with the US being a primary focus. Donald Trump's administration expressed support for Brexit, viewing it as an opportunity for a more robust trading relationship. Recent tariff reductions on UK exports highlight this evolving economic dynamic.

Personal Relationships: From Thatcher to Trump

The personal rapport between British Prime Ministers and US Presidents has often symbolised the strength of the alliance. Notable pairings include Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan, whose friendship led to significant political advancements, particularly in ending the Cold War. Thatcher's ability to connect with Reagan helped solidify a united front against Soviet expansion.

Contemporary Leaders and the Special Relationship

In the modern context, the relationship has continued to evolve. Tony Blair’s alliance with George W. Bush during the post-9/11 era showcased how leaders from different political backgrounds could forge strong partnerships in response to global crises. Blair's support for the Iraq War, however, drew criticism and labelled him as Bush's 'poodle', highlighting the complexities of international alliances.

Trump's Influence on the UK-US Alliance

Donald Trump's presidency has further rekindled interest in the special relationship. Despite his 'America First' policy, Trump has maintained a personal connection to the UK, notably through his Scottish ancestry. His support for Brexit and trade initiatives has reinforced the notion of a strong alliance, with Trump himself referring to the UK-US relationship as 'the highest level of special.'

The Role of Keir Starmer

Current UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer has also emphasised the importance of the special relationship. His diplomatic efforts to engage with Trump have included a historic invitation for a second state visit, underscoring the continuity and significance of this alliance in contemporary politics.

What Lies Ahead for the Special Relationship?

As the geopolitical landscape continues to shift, the UK-US alliance will play a crucial role in addressing global challenges. Issues such as climate change, cyber security, and international trade will require collaboration between the two nations. The success of future partnerships will depend on maintaining strong personal and political relationships, adapting to new realities, and addressing public sentiment in both countries.

Public Perception and Support

Recent polls, such as the Ipsos survey indicating that only 36% of Britons have faith in the US-UK alliance, suggest a need for renewed efforts to strengthen public support for this partnership. The perceptions of the relationship can significantly influence political decisions and diplomatic strategies moving forward.

Conclusion

The special relationship between the UK and the US is a multifaceted alliance that has withstood the test of time. From its contentious beginnings to a partnership that shapes global politics, this bond remains critical. As leaders navigate the complexities of international relations, the future of the special relationship will depend on their ability to adapt and collaborate in an ever-changing world.

What will the next chapter of the UK-US alliance look like? Only time will tell as both nations face new challenges ahead. #UKUSAlliance #SpecialRelationship #GlobalPolitics

FAQs

What is the 'special relationship' between the UK and the US?

The 'special relationship' refers to the close political, military, and economic ties between the UK and the US, characterised by cooperation on various global issues and historical partnerships.

When was the term 'special relationship' first used?

The term was popularised by Winston Churchill in a speech in 1946, highlighting the importance of collaboration between the two nations in the context of the Cold War.

How do the UK and US cooperate in defence?

The UK and US collaborate through NATO and share intelligence via the Five Eyes alliance, participating together in various military operations globally.

What role does trade play in the UK-US relationship?

The US is the UK's largest trading partner, with trade generating hundreds of billions of pounds. Recent trade agreements post-Brexit aim to strengthen these economic ties.

How has Donald Trump influenced the UK-US alliance?

Trump's presidency reignited discussions about the special relationship, showing personal affection for the UK and supporting Brexit, while also negotiating trade deals beneficial to both countries.