Will the New Oceans Treaty Revolutionize Marine Protection?

The High Seas Treaty, a global agreement aimed at safeguarding the world's oceans and restoring marine life, is set to become international law following its 60th ratification by Morocco. This monumental agreement will take effect from January and marks a significant milestone in international efforts to protect marine biodiversity and establish marine protected areas.

Last updated: 19 October 2023 (BST)

Key Takeaways

• The High Seas Treaty will take effect in January 2024 after receiving 60 ratifications.
• It aims to protect 30% of the world's oceans by creating marine protected areas.
• Overfishing and pollution have severely impacted marine biodiversity, with nearly 10% of species at risk of extinction.
• The treaty establishes binding rules for sustainable use of ocean resources.
• Critics express concerns over countries' self-monitoring of environmental impact assessments.

Understanding the High Seas Treaty

The High Seas Treaty is a landmark agreement that aims to address the pressing issues facing the world's oceans, which cover more than two-thirds of the planet's surface. For decades, unregulated activities like overfishing, pollution from maritime shipping, and the effects of climate change have led to a decline in marine biodiversity. The treaty seeks to reverse this damage by establishing legally binding rules for conservation and sustainable use of marine resources.

Why the Treaty Matters

With the oceans playing a crucial role in maintaining the planet's health, the need for a comprehensive framework to protect marine life has never been more urgent. The United Nations Secretary-General, Antonio Guterres, emphasised the treaty's significance, stating it is a major step towards conserving biodiversity in international waters. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), nearly 10% of marine species are currently at risk of extinction, highlighting the dire need for protective measures.

The Journey to Ratification

Negotiations for the High Seas Treaty have spanned nearly two decades, culminating in its signing earlier this year. The ratification process required at least 60 nations to legally commit to the agreement, a milestone that was achieved with Morocco's recent endorsement. The speed of this ratification process has been notable, with experts like Elizabeth Wilson from The Pews Charitable Trust recognising it as "record time," considering that many nations often take years to approve such treaties through their parliamentary systems.

Global Cooperation for Ocean Conservation

As nations unite to combat marine degradation, the High Seas Treaty represents a significant shift in international cooperation. Kirsten Schuijt, the director general of WWF International, hailed the agreement as a catalyst for collaboration across international waters, while Mads Christensen from Greenpeace International called it proof that countries can come together to protect the oceans.

Key Provisions of the Treaty

The core aim of the High Seas Treaty is to ensure that 30% of international waters are designated as marine protected areas (MPAs) by 2030. Currently, only about 1% of these vast waters are safeguarded, leaving marine ecosystems vulnerable to overexploitation. The treaty will empower countries to propose areas for protection, which will then be decided upon collectively by signatory nations.

Challenges Ahead

Despite the treaty's ambitious goals, challenges remain. Critics have raised concerns about the potential for conflicts of interest, as countries will be responsible for conducting their own environmental impact assessments (EIA). This self-regulatory aspect raises questions about the accuracy and reliability of the assessments, as well as the effectiveness of international monitoring bodies in addressing concerns raised by other countries.

The Importance of Marine Biodiversity

The ocean is not only vital for marine species but is also crucial for human survival. It serves as the largest ecosystem on Earth and is estimated to contribute approximately £2.0 trillion to the global economy. Furthermore, it provides up to 80% of the oxygen we breathe, underscoring the interdependence between human health and the health of the oceans.

What Happens Next?

With the treaty set to take effect in January 2024, the focus will shift towards implementing its provisions. Countries will begin proposing marine protected areas, and collaborative efforts will be essential in determining the areas that require protection. As nations engage in this process, the success of the treaty will depend on transparency, cooperation, and commitment to sustainable practices.

Conclusion

The High Seas Treaty represents a pivotal moment in global efforts to protect our oceans. As international waters become increasingly threatened by human activity, this agreement offers a framework for sustainable management and conservation. However, the road ahead will require concerted effort and vigilance to ensure that the commitments made translate into meaningful action that benefits marine life and, ultimately, humanity.

FAQs

What is the High Seas Treaty?

The High Seas Treaty is an international agreement aimed at protecting the world's oceans by establishing marine protected areas and setting binding rules for the sustainable use of marine biodiversity.

When will the High Seas Treaty take effect?

The treaty will take effect in January 2024, following its ratification by 60 nations, including Morocco, which provided the 60th endorsement.

How much of the ocean will be protected under the treaty?

The treaty aims to protect 30% of the world's oceans by designating them as marine protected areas by the year 2030.

What are the current challenges to ocean conservation?

Challenges include overfishing, pollution, climate change, and the potential for conflicts of interest in self-conducted environmental assessments by countries.

Why is marine biodiversity important?

Marine biodiversity is essential for ecosystem health, contributes significantly to the global economy, and plays a critical role in producing oxygen and regulating climate.