What’s Behind Louisiana’s Whipped Pete Controversy?

The photograph known as "The Scourged Back," depicting an escaped enslaved man with severe scars across his back, has significantly influenced American history by revealing the brutal realities of slavery. Captured during the Civil War, it played a crucial role in galvanising anti-slavery sentiment in the North. Recent discussions around its potential removal from a national monument have reignited debates about the portrayal of America's complex history.

Last updated: 06 October 2023 (BST)

Key Takeaways

• "The Scourged Back" is a powerful image that brought awareness to the brutality of slavery in the United States.
• The photograph contributed to the abolitionist movement and shaped public opinion during the Civil War.
• Recent controversies surrounding its removal from a national monument highlight ongoing debates about historical representation.
• The story of the man in the photograph, known as Gordon, illustrates the perilous journey of enslaved individuals seeking freedom.
• Legislators argue that preserving such images is vital for understanding the nation’s history and struggles.

The Historical Context of “The Scourged Back”

Captured in Baton Rouge during the Civil War, "The Scourged Back" features the scars of Gordon, an enslaved man who escaped from a Louisiana plantation. This image emerged during a time when the concept of abolition was gaining traction in the North, and it served as a visual testament to the horrors of slavery.

The Role of Photography in Social Change

During the 1860s, photographs such as cartes de visite became a vital form of communication, akin to today’s social media. Abolitionists used these images to evoke emotional responses and galvanise public opinion against slavery. The dissemination of "The Scourged Back" through various media outlets, including abolitionist newspapers, played a pivotal role in shaping the narrative of the time.

The Life of Gordon

Gordon, who later became known as Peter, fled from the 3,000-acre plantation owned by Capt. John Lyons on March 24, 1863. His harrowing escape involved evading slave catchers and traversing difficult terrain, a journey that took him through swamps for ten days. Gordon’s resourcefulness included rubbing onions on his body to mislead pursuing dogs.

The Union's Role in Emancipation

On January 29, 1863, Union Major General Nathaniel P. Banks issued an order that affirmed the Emancipation Proclamation. This directive communicated to plantation owners in Louisiana that while Union troops would not directly assist enslaved individuals in escaping, they would grant freedom to those who reached Union lines. Gordon's eventual arrival at these lines marked a turning point in his life and contributed to the larger narrative of emancipation.

The Impact of “The Scourged Back” on Public Perception

Initially met with skepticism from anti-war Democrats who labelled the photograph as a hoax, "The Scourged Back" eventually gained credibility through eyewitness accounts and the testimonies of those who recognised the brutality it depicted. This shift in perception was crucial for the abolitionist movement, as it helped to confront the North with the harsh realities of slavery.

Historical Documentation and Legacy

The image of Gordon was not just a photograph; it became a symbol of the struggle for freedom. Published in notable abolitionist publications, it reached a vast audience, fostering empathy and support for the Union’s war efforts. Figures like Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth frequently referenced such images in their speeches, further cementing their importance in the fight against slavery.

Recent Controversies and Political Reactions

In recent weeks, "The Scourged Back" has come under scrutiny again, with reports suggesting that the Trump administration ordered its removal from a national monument. Although the Interior Department disputed claims regarding the specific removal of artifacts, they confirmed a review process for materials deemed to "inappropriately disparage Americans." This has sparked outrage among lawmakers and historians who argue that such historical artifacts are essential for understanding the nation’s past.

Voices in Support of Preservation

Democratic Rep. Troy Carter, representing the area where the photograph was likely taken, expressed that the history depicted in "The Scourged Back" is not divisive but a vital part of American heritage. He emphasised the resilience and brilliance of those who endured the injustices of slavery, reinforcing the notion that understanding this history is crucial for shaping a better future.

The Importance of Historical Artifacts

According to Democratic Rep. Cleo Fields, preserving artifacts like "The Scourged Back" is essential for comprehending the complexities of American identity. Fields highlighted that attempts to erase such significant historical accounts are both troubling and unnecessary. The lessons from the past remain relevant today, underscoring the importance of acknowledging and learning from history.

Challenges in Historical Interpretation

While "The Scourged Back" serves as a powerful reminder of the past, the interpretation of its significance can vary widely. Scholars continue to study the photograph and the events surrounding it, but gaps in documentation and differing narratives can complicate the understanding of its full impact. Nevertheless, it remains a cornerstone in discussions about race, justice, and historical memory in the United States.

Conclusion: The Ongoing Relevance of “The Scourged Back”

The photograph of Gordon, "The Scourged Back," continues to resonate in contemporary discussions about race and history in America. As debates about its preservation unfold, it is crucial to recognise the power of such images in shaping public consciousness and understanding of the past. The journey of Gordon and the significance of his story are reminders of the importance of preserving history, not for division, but for education and reflection.

What role do you think historical artifacts should play in our understanding of contemporary social issues? #HistoryMatters #CivilWar #Slavery

FAQs

What is “The Scourged Back” photograph?

The photograph, also known as “Whipped Pete,” depicts an escaped enslaved man named Gordon with visible scars on his back, capturing the brutality of slavery and influencing public sentiment against it during the Civil War.

Who was Gordon in relation to the photograph?

Gordon, initially enslaved on a Louisiana plantation, escaped and was photographed by Union soldiers. His image became a powerful symbol of the struggle against slavery and the journey toward emancipation.

Why is the photograph significant in American history?

The photograph played a crucial role in the abolitionist movement, revealing the harsh realities of slavery to the Northern public and influencing attitudes towards the Civil War and emancipation.

What recent controversies surround “The Scourged Back”?

Recent reports have indicated that the Trump administration considered removing the photograph from a national monument, leading to debates about the preservation of historical artifacts and their role in understanding America's past.

How have lawmakers reacted to the controversies?

Legislators, including Democratic Reps. Troy Carter and Cleo Fields, have defended the importance of preserving the photograph, arguing that it is essential for understanding the nation's history and should not be removed or erased.