Could Gen Z Protests Propel Nepal's First Female Leader to Power?

In recent days, Nepal has witnessed a significant political upheaval, culminating in the resignation of Prime Minister Khadga Prasad Oli amid widespread protests against government corruption and unemployment. The protests, which escalated into violence, resulted in the appointment of Sushila Karki as Nepal's first female prime minister. This event not only highlights the changing political landscape of Nepal but also reflects broader generational frustrations across South Asia, as younger citizens demand accountability and reform from long-standing political elites.

Last updated: 12 October 2023 (BST)

Key Takeaways

• Protests in Nepal led to the resignation of PM Khadga Prasad Oli.
• Sushila Karki is appointed as Nepal's first female prime minister.
• Protesters are driven by issues of corruption and unemployment.
• The unrest mirrors similar movements across South Asia.
• Calls for generational change in leadership are growing among the youth.

The Context of the Protests

The turmoil in Nepal escalated dramatically on 8 September 2023 when police opened fire on anti-corruption demonstrators attempting to breach Parliament walls. This incident was a pivotal moment that sparked widespread outrage and subsequent violence, resulting in over 70 deaths and thousands injured, according to police reports. The protests were fuelled by long-standing frustrations regarding government corruption and the disconnect between the wealthy elite and ordinary citizens.

Underlying Causes of the Unrest

Younger Nepalis, particularly those in their 20s and 30s, have taken to social media to highlight the stark divide between their lives and those of the political elite. Many have pointed to instances of government officials living lavish lifestyles while the average annual income in Nepal is less than £1,500. This disparity has been vividly illustrated through social media campaigns, with hashtags such as #NepoKids gaining traction online.

The Role of Social Media in Mobilising Protest

Social media has played a crucial role in the protests, serving as a platform for young people to organise and share their grievances. Despite an attempt by the government to suspend most social media platforms just days before the protests, activists found ways to communicate and mobilise their efforts. The government’s crackdown was perceived as an attempt to silence dissent, which only intensified the protests.

Violence and Government Response

As the protests escalated, the government responded with force, imposing curfews and deploying military personnel throughout Kathmandu. Checkpoints were established to maintain control, and the military was tasked with restoring order. However, this heavy-handed approach has been met with further resistance, as many young people have continued to advocate for change and support those affected by the violence.

Leadership Change: Sushila Karki's Appointment

In the wake of Prime Minister Oli's resignation, Sushila Karki was appointed as the new interim prime minister on 12 September 2023. Her appointment marks a historic moment in Nepal's political landscape, as she is the first woman to hold this position. Karki, who previously served as Nepal's chief justice, is seen as a symbol of hope and a potential catalyst for change, especially in addressing the corruption that has plagued the government for years.

Public Sentiment and Optimism

Upon her appointment, many young Nepalis took to the streets to celebrate, defying curfews to express their support. This optimism, however, must be tempered with caution, as the history of political instability in Nepal suggests that change is often fleeting. Analysts highlight that the nation has seen numerous political transitions over the past two decades, which raises questions about the durability of Karki's leadership and the potential for genuine reform.

Challenges Ahead for the Interim Government

As Nepal approaches elections scheduled for early next year, the interim government faces the critical task of maintaining order while fostering political dialogue and reform. The challenge will be to address the underlying issues that sparked the protests, including rampant corruption and economic instability. Failure to do so may lead to further unrest and disillusionment among the populace.

Comparisons with Regional Movements

The situation in Nepal is not isolated; similar protests have erupted in countries like Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, where citizens have risen against long-standing regimes amid economic crises. This regional trend suggests a growing demand for accountability and responsiveness from governments, particularly from younger generations who feel disenfranchised by the status quo.

The Road Ahead: What Comes Next?

Looking forward, the political landscape in Nepal remains uncertain. While there is hope for a new beginning under Karki's leadership, the entrenched interests of political elites and systemic challenges pose significant hurdles. Observers will be closely watching how the interim government navigates these issues and whether it can fulfil the promises of reform that have resonated with the youth.

Conclusion

The recent upheaval in Nepal serves as a poignant reminder of the power of collective action and the demand for change. As younger generations continue to advocate for accountability, the implications of these protests extend beyond Nepal, echoing a broader call for reform across South Asia. The question remains: will the new leadership be able to meet the expectations of its citizens, or will the cycle of unrest continue?

FAQs

What sparked the protests in Nepal?

The protests were sparked by widespread anger over government corruption and high unemployment, culminating in violent clashes between police and demonstrators.

Who is Sushila Karki?

Sushila Karki is Nepal's first female prime minister, previously serving as the country's chief justice. She was appointed following the resignation of Prime Minister Khadga Prasad Oli.

What were the main demands of the protesters?

Protesters demanded accountability for corruption, better economic opportunities, and a generational change in leadership, expressing frustration with the political elite.

How did social media influence the protests?

Social media played a vital role in mobilising protesters, allowing them to share information and organise despite government attempts to suppress online communication.

What challenges does the interim government face?

The interim government must address issues of corruption, maintain public order, and prepare for upcoming elections while managing the expectations of young citizens.