Why Are Children Learning More About Nazi Germany Than Welsh History?

The story of Capel Celyn serves as a poignant reminder of the power dynamics that shape history and identity in Wales. Despite the significant events surrounding the flooding of this Welsh-speaking village in the 1960s, education on local history often takes a backseat to broader narratives, leaving pupils with limited knowledge of their own heritage. The 60th anniversary of this tragic event raises important questions about the representation of Welsh history in the curriculum.

Last updated: 21 October 2023 (BST)

Key Takeaways

• Capel Celyn was flooded to create the Tryweryn reservoir for Liverpool in 1965.
• Dr Huw Griffiths argues that Welsh pupils understand more about Nazi Germany than local history.
• The flooding is viewed as a turning point in Welsh political and cultural identity.
• Protests against the flooding lasted nearly a decade, highlighting resistance to external decisions affecting local communities.
• The 60th anniversary of the event is being commemorated through an art exhibition at the National Library of Wales.

The Historical Context of Capel Celyn

The village of Capel Celyn, located in Gwynedd, was a thriving community prior to its flooding in 1965. In the summer of 1955, residents discovered that their village was to be submerged to create a reservoir intended to supply drinking water to Liverpool. This announcement marked the beginning of nearly a decade of protests against the forced eviction of over 70 residents from their homes.

The decision to flood Capel Celyn was driven by Liverpool's increasing demand for water. Despite already sourcing water from Wales, city officials deemed it insufficient to meet the needs of their growing population. The construction of the Tryweryn reservoir was presented as a necessity, prioritising the needs of a large urban centre over the rights of a small rural community.

The Protests and Their Legacy

In response to the impending disaster, residents of Capel Celyn rallied together, forming a movement that captured the attention of the nation. Protests included marches through the streets of Liverpool, where locals encountered hostility. The community's fight to save their homes was not just about property but also about identity, language, and cultural heritage.

Dr Huw Griffiths, an education lecturer, emphasises the importance of understanding these local histories as integral to Welsh identity. He argues that the focus on GCSE and A-Level subjects often sidelines significant local narratives, such as the story of Tryweryn. This lack of emphasis in the curriculum means that students leave school with a more extensive understanding of global history, such as Nazi Germany, than of their own local heritage.

The Impact of Tryweryn on Welsh Identity

The flooding of Capel Celyn is widely regarded as a critical moment in Welsh history, symbolising the struggle for autonomy and recognition. Campaigners assert that the voices of the residents, who were forcibly removed from their homes, serve as a reminder of Wales' historical powerlessness and the ongoing fight for greater local governance and identity.

Evan Powell from Yes Cymru, a pro-independence group, notes that the story of Tryweryn resonates with contemporary discussions around Welsh independence. He highlights how the narrative of loss and resistance is crucial for understanding modern Welsh identity and the ongoing struggle for agency in political matters.

Commemorating the 60th Anniversary

As the 60th anniversary of the flooding approaches, various initiatives have been launched to ensure that the story of Capel Celyn is not forgotten. The National Library of Wales is hosting an exhibition titled "Tryweryn 60", showcasing the passionate protests and the lasting impact of the flooding. This exhibition serves as an opportunity for reflection on the significance of losing a community and the importance of remembering local histories.

The exhibition invites visitors to consider how such losses resonate in contemporary society and underscores the need for a curriculum that reflects the rich tapestry of Welsh heritage, including stories like that of Tryweryn.

The Role of Education in Welsh History

The Welsh government has claimed that Welsh history has been a mandatory part of the Curriculum for Wales since 2022, which aims to include local history and the experiences of children within their communities. However, Dr Griffiths argues that despite these initiatives, the practical implementation of such curricula often fails to adequately cover significant local events like the flooding of Capel Celyn.

Critics suggest that the focus on exams and performance metrics in secondary education may inadvertently contribute to the neglect of local histories, which are essential for fostering a sense of belonging among students. A balanced approach to education that prioritises both national and local narratives is crucial for developing informed and engaged citizens.

Historical Significance of Tryweryn

The Tryweryn incident is not merely a historical event; it represents a broader narrative about the struggle for cultural identity and local rights in Wales. The slogan "Cofiwch Dryweryn" (Remember Tryweryn) has evolved into a symbol of resistance, calling attention to the historical injustices faced by Welsh communities. Initially viewed as graffiti, the phrase has become a rallying cry for Welsh nationalists, advocating for greater recognition and rights within the UK.

As Wales continues to grapple with its identity and autonomy, the story of Capel Celyn serves as a reminder of the importance of local history in shaping national narratives. The lessons learned from this period are especially pertinent in discussions surrounding Welsh independence and cultural representation today.

Reflections on Loss and Memory

For many, the events surrounding the flooding of Capel Celyn evoke deep emotions and memories. Eurgain Prysor Jones, the youngest protester at the time, reflects on the harsh treatment her community received in Liverpool, illustrating the human cost of such decisions. This personal narrative highlights the emotional weight carried by those affected and reinforces the need for a curriculum that honours these stories.

The apology issued by Liverpool City Council 40 years later serves as a recognition of past wrongs, although it cannot erase the impact of the flooding on the community. Initiatives like the "Tryweryn 60" exhibition help to keep the memory of Capel Celyn alive, ensuring that future generations understand the significance of local history and its relevance to contemporary issues.

Looking Ahead

The ongoing dialogue about the teaching of Welsh history in schools is critical for shaping the future of Welsh identity. As discussions of independence and self-determination gain traction, understanding the historical context of events like the flooding of Capel Celyn will be essential for fostering a robust sense of identity among students. Ensuring that local histories are integrated into the curriculum can empower future generations to engage with their heritage and advocate for their rights.

Ultimately, the story of Capel Celyn is about more than just a flooded village; it is about the resilience of a community and the importance of remembering the past to inform the future. As Wales continues to evolve, the need for a focus on local history remains crucial for fostering a sense of belonging and understanding among its people.

FAQs

What was the flooding of Capel Celyn?

The flooding of Capel Celyn occurred in 1965 when the village was submerged to create a reservoir for Liverpool's drinking water supply, displacing its residents.

Why is the story of Tryweryn significant for Wales?

Tryweryn is significant as it highlights issues of power, identity, and resistance in Welsh history, illustrating the struggle for local rights against larger political forces.

How is Welsh history taught in schools today?

Since 2022, Welsh history has been mandatory in the Curriculum for Wales, but critics argue that local histories like Tryweryn are still underrepresented in secondary education.

What does "Cofiwch Dryweryn" mean?

"Cofiwch Dryweryn" translates to "Remember Tryweryn" and serves as a slogan for Welsh nationalism, symbolising the memory of the drowned village and its residents.

What is the "Tryweryn 60" exhibition?

The "Tryweryn 60" exhibition at the National Library of Wales commemorates the 60th anniversary of the flooding, showcasing the protests and their lasting impact on Welsh history.

As Wales reflects on its complex history and identity, the lessons from Capel Celyn remind us of the importance of local narratives. Understanding these stories is vital for shaping a more inclusive future. #WelshHistory #Tryweryn #LocalHeritage