Can Digital ID Cards End Illegal Employment?

The proposed digital ID scheme in the UK aims to streamline the process of verifying identity and residency status, potentially reducing illegal working and welfare fraud. This initiative, backed by the government, seeks to utilise modern smartphone technology while ensuring inclusivity for those without access to such devices.

Last updated: 26 October 2023 (BST)

Key Takeaways

• The UK has a historical reluctance towards ID cards, with two compulsory periods during the World Wars.
• Sir Keir Starmer's proposal focuses on a digital ID system rather than traditional ID cards.
• The government claims the digital ID will be free and help reduce illegal working and benefit fraud.
• There are concerns about the feasibility and enforcement of the scheme, particularly for those without smartphones.
• Implementation is projected to take several years, with a goal set for 2028.

A Historical Perspective on ID Cards in the UK

The concept of identity cards has often been met with scepticism in the UK, evoking memories of totalitarian regimes and a fear of state surveillance. The UK has experienced two significant periods of compulsory ID cards: first during World War I and then again from the outset of World War II until their abolition in 1952. The latter period saw the introduction of ID cards as a means of managing resources and ensuring security during the war.

When the system was dismantled, public sentiment against ID cards was highlighted in an editorial by the Guardian, stating, "In this country we do not like this sort of thing. Better a little evasion and inefficiency than too much petty bureaucratic interference with the individual."

The Last Attempt: The 2006 ID Card Scheme

In 2006, the Labour government attempted to introduce a new ID card scheme, aimed at addressing concerns about immigration, illegal working, and terrorism. However, this initiative faced significant opposition and was ultimately scrapped by the coalition government in 2010, reflecting the continuation of public aversion to state-mandated identification.

The New Proposal: A Digital ID System

Fifteen years later, the political landscape has shifted with Sir Keir Starmer proposing a modern solution: a digital ID scheme. This initiative is not about issuing physical ID cards but rather about proving one’s identity and residency through smartphone technology. The government asserts that the digital ID will be developed with inclusivity in mind, potentially offering alternatives for those who do not possess a smartphone.

How Digital ID Works

The proposed digital ID will serve as authoritative proof of a person’s identity and residency status in the UK. It is designed to include essential information such as:

• Name
• Date of birth
• Photograph
• Nationality or residency status

This digital identification is expected to simplify processes such as applying for driving licences, childcare, and welfare benefits. Furthermore, the government aims to make digital IDs compulsory for verifying an individual’s right to work in the UK by the end of the current parliamentary term, likely around 2028.

Addressing Illegal Working

The digital ID scheme is being promoted as a means to tackle illegal working, particularly among migrants. Currently, employers face hefty fines of up to £60,000 for hiring illegal workers without proper checks. The government believes that a robust digital ID will mitigate this issue by providing a more secure method of identity verification, thereby reducing instances of fake documentation.

Prime Minister Rishi Sunak stated, “You will not be able to work in the United Kingdom if you do not have digital ID. It is as simple as that.” This strong stance reflects the government's commitment to enforcing this policy as a deterrent against illegal employment.

Challenges and Considerations

Despite the potential benefits, experts like Jill Rutter from the Institute for Government caution against viewing the digital ID scheme as a panacea. Rutter emphasises the need for stronger enforcement of labour market regulations to address the underlying issues of illegal working. The existence of a shadow economy, where cash payments are common, complicates the enforcement of such a scheme.

Moreover, the timeline for implementation raises questions about the practicality of a swift rollout. The phrase “by the end of the parliament” suggests that the digital ID initiative may not be fully operational until 2028, allowing ample time for public debate and logistical planning.

International Comparisons: Learning from Other Countries

Many European countries have established ID schemes, primarily revolving around ease of access to services rather than solely preventing illegal working. For instance, Estonia is renowned for its advanced digital identity system, which allows citizens to access benefits and health records seamlessly. Yet, even countries with established ID systems, like France and Germany, continue to grapple with illegal working challenges.

In fact, French officials have pointed out that one of the pull factors for individuals crossing the Channel to the UK is the perception that it is easier to work illegally in Britain compared to France. This highlights the need for the UK government to consider not only the implementation of a digital ID but also how it fits into the larger context of immigration and labour policies.

The Path Forward: What Happens Next?

As discussions about the digital ID scheme continue, questions remain about its design, implementation, and the technology involved. Inclusivity is a critical aspect of the proposal, especially for individuals who may not have access to smartphones or digital technologies. The government has yet to clarify how they plan to accommodate these individuals, which could involve reintroducing some form of physical ID.

Looking ahead, the success of the digital ID scheme will depend on robust public engagement, transparent communication, and effective enforcement mechanisms. As the UK navigates this complex issue, it will be essential to balance security measures with the rights and freedoms of individuals.

FAQs

What is the proposed digital ID scheme in the UK?

The digital ID scheme is a government initiative to provide individuals with a secure way to prove their identity and residency status using smartphone technology, aimed at reducing illegal working and simplifying access to services.

When will the digital ID scheme be implemented?

The government aims to make the digital ID compulsory for verifying the right to work in the UK by the end of the current parliamentary term, expected around 2028.

How will the digital ID benefit the UK economy?

The proposed digital ID is intended to reduce illegal working, thereby protecting jobs and benefits for legitimate workers, and potentially simplifying regulatory compliance for employers.

What are the concerns surrounding the digital ID scheme?

Concerns include inclusivity for those without smartphones, the potential for increased bureaucratic oversight, and the need for stronger enforcement of labour market regulations alongside the digital ID.

How does the UK's approach compare to other countries?

While many EU countries have ID schemes, the UK's digital ID proposal focuses more on modern technology and ease of access to services, differing from traditional ID card systems in countries like France and Germany.

As the UK government moves forward with the digital ID initiative, the implications for privacy, security, and labour market dynamics will be crucial to monitor. How this digital identity system evolves will significantly shape the landscape of work and personal identification in Britain. #DigitalID #IdentityVerification #UKGovernment